A grammar path from sounds and greetings up through Ilokano's verb-focus system, built from Ernesto Constantino's Ilokano Reference Grammar (1971). Read in order, or jump to whatever you need.
The consonants, vowels, and stress patterns of Ilokano, and how the dictionary vs. the grammar book each write them.
How to greet someone, address family and elders respectfully, and say who you are.
The small marker words — ti, diay, dagiti — that show up in front of almost every noun.
I, you, he/she, we, they — and the three different shapes each one takes depending on its job in the sentence.
How adjectives are built with na-, how they work in a sentence, and how to compare two things.
Why Ilokano word order isn't fixed — and what moving the subject actually changes about the meaning.
The single most distinctive feature of Ilokano grammar: the verb changes shape depending on which participant you want to highlight.
Addá and awán — two of the most-used words in Ilokano, for existence, presence, and possession.
How to negate a sentence with saan, and the different ways to ask yes/no and open-ended questions.
Counting things, and saying what you want or don't want to happen.
Connecting two clauses into one sentence — coordination, conditions, and cause.
Grammar content adapted from Constantino's Ilokano Reference Grammar, © 1971 University of Hawaiʻi Press. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.